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Category: Womens History

The Canadian Nursing Sisters of WW2

June 6, 2024, will mark the 80th anniversary of the D-Day landings along the Normandy coast during World War II.

Codenamed Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it is the largest seaborne invasion in history. The operation began the liberation of France, and the rest of Western Europe, and laid the foundations of the Allied victory on the Western Front.(scroll to the end to see Quick about facts about Canada’s HUGE part during D-Day).

Over the years on my blog, I have documented the contributions of Women during WW2, specifically Canadian Women as a way to continue to keep their stories alive. I am thrilled to add another piece to my collection, highlighting the remarkable Canadian Nurses or “Nursing Sisters” through a captivating combination of vintage photographs, magazine illustrations, and engaging stories. Join me for a brief yet powerful historical overview of these brave women who deserve to have their stories kept alive.

1940s vintage magazine cover from August 23rd 1941 from the Toronto Star Weekly showcasing an illustration of a Canadian Nurse with a wounded soldier during WW2

Source: Elinor Florence.com

The First World War Canadian Nurses

Canadian women’s first military contributions were as nurses who tended to the sick and wounded in times of conflict. They were called “Nursing Sisters” because they were originally drawn from the ranks of religious orders. More than 2,800 Canadian Nursing Sisters served with the Canadian Army Medical Corps during the First World War, often close to the front lines of Europe and within range of enemy attack. With their blue dresses and white veils, they were nicknamed the “bluebirds” and were greatly respected because of their compassion and courage. Canadian women were not permitted to serve in other military roles during the First World War (Source).

Left to right: Nursing Sisters, Mowat, McNichol, and Guilbride.

Vintage Photo of Canadian Nursing Sisters during WW1, Mowat, McNichol, and Guilbride in their Nursing uniforms.

Canada. Dept. of National Defence/Library and Archives Canada/PA-007350 (modified from the original). Provided by The Vimy Foundation.

The Second World War

The Second World War would see Canadian women returning to serve again as nursing sisters but this time the nursing service went beyond the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps. It was expanded to both the Royal Canadian Air Force Medical Branch and the Royal Canadian Naval Medical Service. By the end of the war, 4,480 Canadian Nursing Sisters served in the military, with 3,656 in the army, 481 with the air force, and 343 with the navy. Also aside from regular nurses, therapists, dietitians, laboratory technicians, and physiotherapists were employed by the army as well (Source). More than two-thirds of them serving overseas.

Second World War nursing sisters wore a military uniform with a traditional white veil. These young women were commissioned officers and were respectfully addressed as “Sister” or “Ma’am.” In fact, Canada’s military nurses were the first in any Allied country to have officer status. Canadian women would also serve in other military roles during the war, however, and some 50,000 eventually enlisted in the air force, army and navy (Source).

Further Reading from ‘the Canadian Encyclopedia’ on the Nursing Sisters (Lots more info on these women).

1940s vintage Photo from May 1942 of a group of Canadian Nursing Sisters during WW2.

Photo: May 1942. Source: mcmaster.ca

Canadian Nursing Sisters as Seen thru Photos, Illustrations & Stories

Toronto Star Weekly from November 23rd, 1940 showcasing on the cover a Canadian Overseas Nurse.

1940s vintage magazine cover from November 23rd 1940 from the Toronto Star Weekly showing a Canadian overseas nurse in uniform during WW2

Source: Elinor Florence.com

Here is a coloured photo of a 1940s Canadian nurse.

1940s Vintage Photo of a Canadian Nursing Sister in uniform in front of an Ambulance during WW2

From ‘Historica Canada‘:

Ruth Muggeridge was a Nurse at the No. 8 Canadian General Hospital during the Second World War and remembers tending wounded soldiers during D-Day. Visit her profile from The Memory Project Archive to hear her full testimony HERE.

Canadian Women at War during WW2: Learn all about Ruth Muggeridge was a Nurse at the No. 8 Canadian General Hospital during the Second World War and remembers tending wounded soldiers during D-Day by clicking the link.

July 17th, 1944. The first nursing sisters of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (R.C.A.M.C.) to land in France after D-Day (source).

1940s Vintage Photo: July 17th, 1944. The first nursing sisters of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (R.C.A.M.C.) to land in France after D-Day

Source: Library & Archives Canada

The front cover of The Bystander features two nurses from Toronto, brought in to Britain in 1940 along with seventy-seven others to help care for wounded servicemen in wartime Britain. 1940 (Source).

1940s vintage photo: The front cover of The Bystander features two nurses from Toronto, brought in to Britain in 1940 along with seventy-seven others to help care for wounded servicemen in wartime Britain. 1940

Source: Alamy.com

Nursing Sisters Eloise MacDiarmid and Frances Caddy on night duty, No.1 Canadian General Hospital, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps, Andria, Italy, February 1944 (source).

Important Facts: After three years in England, Nursing Sisters were sent into action on the continent.  Donning battle dress, steel helmets and backpacks, Canadian General Hospital, No. 1 arrived in Sicily, the first women to land in the Eighth Army area.  Almost all hospital units deployed to the continent were initially set up under canvas.  Later, they were moved into abandoned or bombed-out buildings (source).

1940s Vintage Photo: Canadian Nursing Sisters Eloise MacDiarmid and Frances Caddy on night duty, No.1 Canadian General Hospital, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (R.C.A.M.C.), Andria, Italy, February 1944

Source: Library & Archives Canada

Nursing Sister Agnes Wilkie, the only Royal Canadian Navy nursing sister killed by enemy action during the Second World War.

Agnes Wilkie was a passenger on the ferry SS Caribou when it was sunk by a German torpedo in the Cabot Strait off Newfoundland. Despite the efforts of her companion, Nursing Sister Margaret Brooke, she died in the cold waters of the Atlantic Ocean. For her heroism, Brooke was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE), the first Canadian nursing sister so recognized (Source).

Further Reading: CBC Article-Only nurse killed by enemy action in WW II remembered as a ‘warm, gentle’ hero in Misericordia exhibit

Nursing Sister Agnes Wilkie, the only Royal Canadian Navy nursing sister killed by enemy action during the Second World War.

Source: cwgc.org

Unidentified nursing sisters of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps awaiting the inspection of one of the wards aboard the hospital ship S.S. LADY NELSON, England, 4 May 1943 (source).

1940s vintage photo: Unidentified Canadian nursing sisters of the Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps awaiting the inspection of one of the wards aboard the hospital ship S.S. LADY NELSON, England, 4 May 1943

Source: Library & Archives Canada

1940s Canadian Red Cross poster depicting a young nurse (source).

Description: “Give! … to relieve human suffering. $9,000,000 Needed Now. Canadian Red Cross”

1940s Canadian Red Cross poster depicting a young nurse during WW2.

Source: McMaster University Library

One more Canadian Red Cross Propaganda poster. “The Need Grows As Victory Nears”.

1940s Canadian Red Cross poster depicting a young nurse during WW2.

Source: eBay

Nursing Sister Healed the Wounds of War(read their story & see the fantastic photos by clicking on the text link or the image below).

Blog Post from Elinor Florence-Wartime Wednesday (a treasure trove of Canadian Wartime stories from those men & women who served).

Photo Description: Three young Canadian nurses from the story above. Jessie on the left with friends Mary Dowie and Queenie Rutherford.

1940s vintage photo of 3 young Canadian Nurses posing together in their nurses uniforms during WW2. Image from Elinor Florence.

Source: Elinor Florence.com

Nursing Sister, RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force), white uniform, 18 Dec 1943 (source).

1940s vintage photo of a Canadian Nursing Sister, RCAF (Royal Canadian Air Force), white uniform, 18 Dec 1943.

Source: Silverhawkauthor.com via Library and Archives Canada

Nursing sisters from No. 10 Canadian General Hospital, Arromanches, France, July 1944 (source).

1940s vintage photo: Canadian Nursing sisters from No. 10 Canadian General Hospital, Arromanches, France, July 1944.

Source: Legionmagazine.com

A video interview with Nora Cook, a Canadian WWII nurse who enlisted in the medical corps in 1943, and served in a field hospital in Normandy (video link).

Read Nora’s full story HERE:

Nursing sisters of No.10 Canadian General Hospital, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps, having a cup of tea upon arriving at Arromanches, France, 23 July 1944 (source).

1940s vintage photo: Nursing sisters of No.10 Canadian General Hospital, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (R.C.A.M.C.), having a cup of tea upon arriving at Arromanches, France, 23 July 1944

Source: Library & Archives Canada

Early on the morning of June 19, 1944, Molly (Dorothy Irene Mulholland) and another nursing sister, Winnifred “Pit” Pitkethly, became the first Canadian women to land as part of the Normandy offensive. Here is Dorothy’s Story (pictured below).

1940s vintage photo of Canadian Nurses posing with poppies during WW2

Source: Junobeach.org

Nursing sisters having tea, No.8 Canadian General Hospital, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps, Aldershot, Hampshire, England, 24 November 1943 (source).

1940s vintage photo: Canadian Nursing sisters having tea, No.8 Canadian General Hospital, Royal Canadian Army Medical Corps (R.C.A.M.C.), Aldershot, Hampshire, England, 24 November 1943

Source: Library & Archives Canada

July 24th, 1945: Bob Hope poses with Canadian Nursing Sisters at his Bob Hope Show Tour (source).

The other man in the photo is Jerry Colonna, American musician, actor, comedian, singer, songwriter and trombonist (thank you to a reader for the name).

1940s vintage photo: July 24th, 1945: Bob Hope poses with Canadian Nursing Sisters (and a man from his show) at his Bob Hope Show Tour.

Source: Library & Archives Canada


Quick Facts about Canada on D-Day

  • D-Day and the Battle of Normandy was one of the most significant chapters in Canada’s military history.  
  • More than 450 members of the 1st Canadian Parachute Battalion jumped inland before dawn on 6 June 1944. They were the first Canadians to engage the enemy on D-Day.
  • On 6 June 1944, some 14,000 Canadian troops from the 3rd Canadian Infantry Division and the 2nd Canadian Armoured Brigade stormed the beaches of Normandy. 
  • More than 90,000 Canadian soldiers who had volunteered to serve Canada during the Second World War saw action in the Normandy Campaign. 
  • The Battle of Normandy lasted for 11 weeks. Fighting through the dust and heat of the French summer, more than 5,000 Canadian soldiers were killed and another 13,000 wounded before the campaign officially came to a close in late August, 1944. 
  • The Canadians who fought on D‑Day and throughout the Battle of Normandy were among the more than one million men and women from our country who served in uniform during the Second World War (SOURCE).

Thank you for dropping by and spending some time learning about these outstanding Canadian Women. I very much enjoyed putting this post together for all of you as I learned so much along the way.

Dear readers, please share any thoughts you may have on this topic in the comments section below.

FURTHER READING:

If you live or are visiting Ottawa , Ontario Canada please make sure you visit the The Canadian War Museum. Currently as of June 6th, 2024 they have a special exhibit called “OUTSIDE THE LINES – WOMEN ARTISTS AND WAR“.

Liz

Juli Lynne Charlot-The Creator of the Poodle Skirt

When people think of 1950s fashions, the first thing that pops into their head, is the Poodle Skirt. This iconic fashion piece took the world by storm in the 1950s and remains a beloved symbol of the era to this day.

1950s vintage photo of a model in a poodle skirt posing with a poodle.

BUT! Did you know that the creator of the poodle skirt, Juli Lynne Charlot JUST passed away at the age of 101 on March 3rd, 2024? It’s true as you can see from the screen grab from the New York Times. Sad news, but what a long life!

Now after I saw this news (special shoutout to my amazing sister-in-law who brought this to my attention), I realized that I have never done a blog post on Juli before. Why? I have zero clue but today that all changes!

Let’s learn all about Juli Lynne Charlot’s fashion design path, see her creations and also view some items that are available for sale at the time of this post.

Let the fun begin!

Photo of the creator of the 1950s Poodle Skirt-Juli Lynn Charlot who lived to be a 101. She is posing with the famous poodle skirt.

Disclosure: Some of the links on my blog from Etsy , eBay are Affiliate Links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase. 

NOTE: If you click on any of the items featured below and they are not available, don’t fret! Hit the search button and see what else is on the websites. There are 1000’s and 1000’s of items being listed daily.


Juli’s Early Life

1940s vintage photo of Juli Lynn Charlot, the creator of the Poodle Skirt in her early days as an actress & singer. Love her hair flower in her 1940s hairstyle.
  • Born Shirley Ann Agin on October 26, 1922, in Manhattan, New York.
  • At the age of 13, she started voice lessons. She had dreams of becoming an opera singer and would eventually change her name to be more “diva like”.
  • When she was a child, her family moved to Southern California. There, her father, an electrician, and her mother, an embroiderer, plied their trades at Hollywood studios.
  • She attended ‘Hollywood High School’ with friends like Judy Garland, Ann Miller & Lana Turner.
  • After high school, Juli participated alongside the Los Angeles Civic Light Opera as a singer and also sang with an orchestra directed by Xavier Cugat.
  • She made her Broadway debut in 1945 in the Victor Herbert operetta “The Red Mill,” and was cast as a singer in the 1946 film comedy “Night in Paradise.” (source)
  • Throughout her performing years, she designed her own wardrobe. Because she had refused to learn to sew (“I didn’t want to be a drudge, like my mother”), she hired a seamstress to realize her designs in cloth (source).

Juli also performed with the Marx Brothers, who asked her to tour with them at several military bases during World War II (source).

1940s photo: Juli Lynne Charlot, wearing a dress of her own design, with Harpo Marx.

1940s vintage photo of Juli Lynne Charlot (the creator of the poodle skirt), wearing a dress of her own design, with Harpo Marx.
  • She also loved love and was married four times, “to two millionaires, a royal count and a Baron”.

Juli the Fashion Designer

In 1947, at age 25, Charlot was invited to a Christmas party in Los Angeles and planned to create a dress for the event. Having little money (her current husband, Philip Charlot had lost his job around this time & Juli was no longer a working singer), she decided to make her own skirt to wear, instead. 

“I couldn’t sew seams,” recalled Juli Lynne Charlot, “so I cut a circle with a hole in the middle, put it on a waistband and had my skirt.”

Spokesman.com

“If I had known how to sew, or had the money to purchase better materials, I would have never made the circle skirt.”

Wikipedia
1950s Fashion: A Christmas Holiday Circle Skirt designed by Julie Lynn Charlot the creator of the Poodle Skirt
A Christmas Holiday Circle Skirt designed by Julie Lynn Charlot (seen in the first image)

The Skirt:  Charlot’s mother owned a factory which used felt, which allowed her to use that material. It was also the height of the New Look when fabric restrictions were lifted and skirts got fuller and longer. So Juli added some Christmas motif appliques to the skirt and went off to the party.

A week later, Charlot made two more circle skirts due to how wonderful they turned out. She took them to a Beverly Hills, California boutique just prior to Christmas 1947. They were sold immediately; this started the Juli Lynne Charlot California company (great logo typography btw) (source).

Source: Etsy-VINTAGEVAVAVOOMZ

The Iconic Poodle Skirt Is Born

After Christmas 1947, the boutique requested a non-holiday motif. They figured that dogs were popular so it was suggested that Juli Lynne make a dog-themed skirt.  She came up with the idea of three dachshunds: two females and a male.  The first dog was a flirty girl, the seconds one was a girl with her nose stuck in the air, and the third was the male who was trying to get to the flirty girl.  But all the leashes became intertwined so the boy dog could only get to the stuck up girl (Source-Vintage Traveler).

The skirts at the boutique in Beverly Hills were quite popular and sold out; in early 1948, Charlot designed a similar skirt with poodles, which was more successful than the previous skirts based on dachshunds (source).

The Poodle Skirt is born!

1950s Fashion / 1950s Vintage Photo of Juli Lynne Charlot the designer of the Poodle skirt wearing her design.
Juli Lynn Charlot in one of her first Poodle Skirt designs

Poodle Skirts & More!

Due to the incredible popularity of the skirts, Ms. Charlot soon had a poodle-skirt factory. She made skirts adorned with images of frogs and lily pads, Parisian street scenes, galloping racehorses, cascading flowers and champagne glasses and pink elephants, along with coordinating blouses, sweaters, dresses, hats and handbags.

Exclusive department stores, including Bullock’s Wilshire in Los Angeles, Neiman Marcus in Dallas and Bergdorf Goodman in New York, were carrying her designs. And by the early 1950s, her skirts were selling for about $35 apiece — some $400 in today’s money (source).

1950s Fashion: a 1950s Felt Circle skirt with a Paris scene designed by poodle skirt creator Juli Lynne Charlot
1950s Fashion: a 1950s Felt Circle skirt with flowers designed by poodle skirt creator Juli Lynne Charlot

Example of a sweater designed by Juli, a 1950s vintage novelty cardigan. Incredibly detailed applique throughout of a lively travel scene – mountains, buildings, boats and floral blooms (avail for sale at time of posting).

1950s Fashion: A Juli Lynn Charlot, 1950s vintage novelty cardigan. Incredibly detailed applique throughout of a lively travel scene - mountains, buildings, boats and floral blooms.

Source: Etsy-bellofbow

Charlot’s designs were so successful that one of them appeared in a national ad campaign for Maidenform bras in 1952 (seen below). Leading Designer Patterns, a mail order pattern company, also released one of her designs.

Juli was a huge success!

1950s vintage ad from 1952 for Maidenform bra's featuring a woman wearing a 1950s bra and a Juli Lynne Charlot Circle skirt. Juli was the creator of the poodle skirt.

Source: Pinterest

The skirts seemed to celebrate the postwar optimism in the United States and offer a canvas for the 1950s flood of consumer kitsch. The poodle skirt, especially for teen girls, also was a chance for an important style statement: I’m not wearing what my mom wore (source).

1950s vintage photo of two young girls in 1950s fashions. One girl is wearing jeans and plaid shirt and the other is wearing a felt circle skirt with an applique on it and saddle shoes.

Copycats Everywhere!

1950s vintage photo of a young woman in a 1950s circle skirt with poinsettias on the skirt putting decorations on a Aluminum Christmas Tree.

When one becomes popular, especially in the world of fashion, it is only a matter of time before others copy the designs. From mail order catalogues, to at home sewers (so many vintage sewing patterns out there), the skirts were seen everywhere! Especially because anyone could easily make it.

1950s vintage photo of a teenage girl in a circle skirt with Elvis Presley name on the skirt. The Circle Skirt aka the Poodle Skirt was originally created by Juli Lynn Charlot
A teenage girl wearing a circle skirt with Elvis Presley’s name on it.

Vintage 1950s Teenage circle skirt with poodle applique.

1950s vintage sewing pattern: 1950s Teen Age Circle Skirt with Poodle Applique

Source: Etsy-CloesCloset

1950s catalog page featuring a pretty felt circle skirt with floral applique and on the right a sewing pattern for women’s heart applique circle skirts (and one with just lines).

1950s fashion for young women as seen in this 1950s catalog page for 1950s circle skirt with floral applique and a women 1950s top and skirt.
1950s women's circle skirt vintage sewing pattern featuring circle skirts with hearts on them.

1956 Toronto Metropolitan University Fashion Design students sporting their own circle skirt designs.

Fun fact! I graduated from the fashion marketing program at TMU in 2003.

1950s vintage photo: 1956 Toronto Metropolitan University Fashion Design students sporting their own circle skirt designs with fun appliques on them. Like televisions and the Eiffel tower.

Juli’s Later Life

While in Mexico in the 1980s, Charlot took interest in a classic Mexican wedding dress and decided to create variations on it. This resulted in her purchase of a manufacturing plant in Mexico City to produce and export these dresses worldwide. The factory later collapsed during the 1985 Mexico City earthquake, forcing her to abandon the dress business (source).

Charlot died at her home in Tepoztlán on March 3, 2024, at age 101.

The Poodle Skirts Legacy

In later years, the poodle skirt became visual shorthand for the entire decade. Even now, a production of “Grease” or “Bye Bye Birdie” can scarcely be mounted without one in evidence (source).

I know when I worked as a waitress a 50’s diner in my hometown, we all wore poodle skirts as our uniform. Nothing else was an option.

Further Reading: Mini Guide To Holding The Ultimate 1950’s Themed Party

Butterick Sewing pattern-Children / Youth / Teen Sewing Pattern Girls' Circle Skirt / poodle skirt. Perfect for your next 1950s themed party, sock hop, kids party.

Source: Etsy-FindCraftyPatterns

Further Examples of Juli Lynne Charlot Circle Skirt Creations

1950s Fashion: a 1950s Felt Circle skirt with pink elephants with martini glasses designed by poodle skirt creator Juli Lynne Charlot

The Pink Elephant Circle Skirt-Source: New York Times

Would you like to own a stunning ‘Romeo and Juliet’ 1950s felt circle skirt designed by Juli Lynn Charlot that was ALSO seen on the late Queen Elizabeth II? Well as of the time of this posting, you could!

The story of this skirt & Queen Elizabeth II:

The time was 1951, and the place was Ottawa, where the woman was attending a hoedown at the home of Canada’s governor general. At 25, she had never seen a hoedown, and was tutored privately in its mysteries before the dancing began.

The woman, attired in a steel blue circle skirt by Ms. Charlot appliquéd with hearts, flowering branches and stylized figures of Romeo and Juliet, acquitted herself admirably, according to news reports.

Her name was Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor, and she would be known from the next year on as Queen Elizabeth II (source).

1950s vintage photo of Queen Elizabeth in a Juli Lynn Charlot 1950s Felt Skirt with appliques at a square dance in the 50s
1950s Fashion: A 1950s Circle Skirt with appliques featuring a Romeo and Juliet design by Juli Lynn Charlot, the creator of the poodle skirt.

Source: Etsy-VINTAGEVAVAVOOMZ

Vintage 1950s felt circle skirt with Samba Dancers and Palm Trees.

1950s Fashion: Vintage 1950s Skirt - Authentic Juli Lynne Charlot Felt Circle Skirt with Samba Dancers and Palm Trees - Rio. Juli was the creator of the Poodle Skirt.

Source: Etsy-FabGabs

Chess Game 1950’s felt skirt. All of the appliques are decorated with sequins and beads.

1950s Fashion: Juli Lynne Charlot Chess Game -1950's Felt circle Skirt. Juli was the creator of the Poodle Skirt

Source: 1stdibs.com

Last but not least a Fun Liz fact! I own my own 1950s vintage felt circle skirt that I picked up years ago at an amazing vintage store in Toronto, called ‘Gadabout‘. It has a giant accordion, musical notes and a conductor. It’s a prized possession in my small but mighty vintage clothing collection. Take a look at a video I made of the skirt below (video link).

Liz Note: After looking at the quality of these skirts from this post, I am beginning to wonder if my skirt was a Juli Lynn Charlot design? There is no tag but the skirt is incredibly well made. If anyone knows, please comment below!

@tovintagelizzie I love Accordions! Especially on a 1950s true vintage circle skirt in my collection. 🎶 #1950s #1950sfashion #accordion #vintagetiktok ♬ Music Box Polka – George Staiduhar

Further Reading: Interview with Juli from the Vintage Traveler


Thank you for taking the time to read all about Juli, who was an incredible woman who struck gold with an idea that was just simple in it’s design. I am happy to have been able to of shared her story.

Question Time: Did you wear a poodle skirt / circle skirt? Own one? Hate them, love them? Share any thoughts on this topic in the comment section below.

Further Reading from the Vintage Inn Blog (archived posts):

Thanks for dropping by!

Liz